Storm Over Everest (May 13, 2008) short essay ethical system analysis

Tempest Over Everest (May 13, 2008) short moral framework investigation - Essay Example A group was recruited to be a guide in an endeavor in probably the most noteworthy mountain on earth. Close to the culmination, passed the mountain’s demise zone, one of the customers dropped. Everybody in the group is too feeble to even consider carrying the customer; they are practically using up all available time, and a tempest is as of now on its way. Notwithstanding the frail customer, the most experienced pioneer and the most fragile climber is additionally in their most fragile state, and is as of now giving indications of High Altitude Cardio Edema (HACE). The group just has one infusion of Dexamethasone (Dex), which will marginally help just one of the three frail individuals to facilitate their torment. Every individual in the group is left with one tank of oxygen, which is just useful for four hours; in any case, the precarious plunge will take the group six hours. It is dependent upon a part to choose to remain with the customer or keep on plummeting. In the Kantian point of view or in moral formalism, cooperative attitude is the main thing that is acceptable. Great activities done out of cooperative attitude, whatever the outcomes might be is an ethical demonstration, and whatever you foul up, even with a decent outcome is as yet not good (Pollock, 2012). In the situation over, different individuals must keep on diving to camp. You should remain with the customer who had dropped so as to care for the person in question. The Dex should likewise be infused to the customer who had passed out in light of the fact that he needs it the most. In the utilitarian point of view, a demonstration must think about the entire and not only a person. In this framework, it is permitted to hurt an individual or a little piece of the entire for the integrity and advantage of the remaining or greater parts (Pollock, 2012). In the situation above, if the utilitarianism morals is utilized, the customer who had dropped and the most vulnerable climber must be abandoned by the group for a lesser weight on different individuals. This activity will permit the others to slip quicker and will likewise have the option to augment their oxygens. The Dex will likewise be infused to the most

In Memory of Auschwitz - Literature Essay Samples

Survival in Auschwitz is a memoir written by Primo Levi, an Italian Jewish survivor of the Holocaust who was sent to and worked in the Auschwitz-Monowitz labor camp during the later years of World War II. Levi’s memoir is significant for its contributions to the historical record of the Holocaust, as well as providing a profound personal account through his memories of life in Auschwitz. While the memoir is successful in documenting part of the Holocaust’s history and Levi’s memories, it is evident that Levi’s memoir tells us more about the memory of the Holocaust due to the gaps within the memoir’s historical contribution, memory’s effect on Levi’s writing process, as well as the memoir’s impact on memory communities. When attempting to reconstruct the past, there are two means through which this can be achieved: History and memory. The former refers to structured learning about the past by using facts and evidence-supported documentation, most commonly through primary sources which are written or produced by people who were present at the time of the historical event in question. Conversely, memory refers to reliving or understanding historical events by means of others’ recollections and personal experiences, which are passed down and transmitted through memory communities into collective memory. This is acknowledged by Eviatar Zerubavel in â€Å"Social Memories: Steps to a Sociology of the Past†. As memory is shared within various social groups known as â€Å"mnemonic communities† (Zerubavel 289) and stored within physical and virtual locations known as â€Å"social sites of memory† (Zerubavel 291), our memory would thus extend much further than what we personally ha ve experienced, allowing us to learn more about history through the memories of others. Examples of this, in terms of learning about the events of the Holocaust, are historical poetry such as Levi’s â€Å"Epitaph† (Levi 11) and testimonies from survivors from what Annette Wieviorka calls â€Å"the era of the witness† (Wieviorka XV). This includes the works of Elie Wiesel, who writes because he believes he â€Å"owes the dead [his] memory† (Wiesel 16), and Levi’s Survival in Auschwitz. With regards to the memoir’s historical contribution, it is undeniable that Levi’s accounts provide an in-depth view of life as both a prisoner and labor camp worker in Auschwitz. Every chapter explains a different aspect of how he eventually managed to survive living in camp Monowitz, ranging from his deportation and arrival to living under the prison hierarchy, the inner workings of the black market, as well as surviving selection multiple times, before finally getting liberated by the Soviet Army. All of such are experiences unique to him, but still serve as first-hand documentation for the historical record of the Holocaust. As Doris Bergen mentions in War Genocide, Levi’s testimonies on the Holocaust were â€Å"some of the most insightful reflections on that event ever written† (Bergen 180). This is true based on how Levi’s words match up with the factual evidence of occurrences during the final years of World War II, such as how he had begun his memoir by describing his â€Å"good fortune† (Levi 9) to have been deported to Auschwitz in 1944, and Bergen states in War Genocide that the Germans had personally deported the Italian Jewish population â€Å"beginning in 1943† (Bergen 180). However, Bergen then follows up with the fact that â€Å"most of the Italian Jews murdered in the Holocaust died in 1944 or early 1945† (Bergen 180). This already shows a gap within Levi’s accounts as he clearly was not part of the majority who died, whether it was in the gas chambers or otherwise, like the â€Å"women †¦ children †¦ old men† (Levi 20) from the freight trains whom he never saw again. In addition to this, Levi’s experiences in relation to the Holocaust as documented through his memoir do not begin until 1944, while anti-Jewish aggression from the Reich Government takes place long before Levi is deported and involves experiences other than being sent to concentration camps, like the various pogroms that occur across Eastern Europe and the ghettoization of Polish Jews from â€Å"late 1939 to early 1949† (Bergen 111). Despite its historical accuracy and detailed accounts of life in Auschwitz, Levi’s experiences are not representative of the fate that most Holocaust victims faced, as such victims faced a wide range of outcomes that did not necessarily result in being sent to Auschwitz, let alone surviving life there. Thus, his memoir leaves more gaps than it fills in terms of our historical knowledge of the Holocaust, and is therefore comparably more telling of his memory of it than its history. Similarly, Survival in Auschwitz can be viewed as more memory-based due to the impact of Levi’s memory on the writing of his memoir. Having been part of the surviving minority of Holocaust prisoners and having written this memoir â€Å"following his return to Italy in the autumn of 1945† (Thomson 142), Levi is fully aware of the outcome of World War II and feels â€Å"oppressed by shame† (Levi 150) and guilt for having survived. As opposed to other similarly autobiographical primary sources that may have been produced by other concentration camp prisoners, Levi uses his memoir to relive his experiences in Auschwitz, equipped with the knowledge that he survives the entire ordeal and lives to tell the tale. Content-wise, his memoir would then be vastly different from an account that was written as the events of the Holocaust were unfolding, thus altering how he would have viewed and reflected on his experiences rather than capturing his immediate, unknowing respons es. Wieviorka also explains in the introductory chapter of The Era of the Witness that historians treat testimonies â€Å"with considerable mistrust† (Wieviorka XIII), only very occasionally using them to build a historical narrative as such accounts are rarely unbiased or impartial (Wieviorka XIV). With this in mind, in addition to Levi’s awareness of the outcome of World War II and feelings of remorse towards his own fate, Survival in Auschwitz hence cannot be used as factual historical evidence, as it primarily documents Levi’s memories of Auschwitz and lacks neutrality or objectivity in the expressed opinions. Furthermore, Levi’s motivations for writing his memoir discredit it as a historical source as well. Wiesel, also a Holocaust survivor who feels guilty for having lived on, writes to honor the dead, because â€Å"he owes nothing to the living, but everything to the dead† (Wiesel 16). His shame towards being able to enjoy a post-Holocaust future while many innocent people—old and young—perished is echoed by Levi, who chose to write for the sake of his â€Å"interior liberation† (Levi 9) in a near-therapeutic approach to coping with his experiences. What’s more is his acknowledgement that his memoir â€Å"adds nothing† (Levi 9) to what readers already know about the Holocaust’s history, its purpose is to formulate a study of the human mind instead from a sociological perspective. Though Levi raises an astute comparison between the Lager and â€Å"a gigantic biological and social experiment† (Levi 87), documenting history rel ies on facts, rather than aiming at understanding it from other social aspects, or â€Å"having fun in writing and at amusing [his] prospective readers† (Roth 183). Another way in which memory impacted Levi’s writing process is his decision to â€Å"write his book backwards† (Thomson 147), â€Å"in order of urgency† (Levi 10). By deciding to write whichever chapter he considered more or most important, Levi is able to develop more careful, proselike descriptions and turn his memoir into a â€Å"teeming, intensely literary work of great complexity† (Thomson 148), which is another feature rarely found in other historical sources. Within the fragmented order in which Survival in Auschwitz was written, Levi also makes a number of allusions to famous works of Italian literature, namely the chapter entitled â€Å"The Canto of Ulysses† in which he attempts to recite from Dante’s â€Å"The Divine Comedy†. This reference to Inferno and Dante’s journey through Hell eventually becomes representative of Levi’s own journey in Auschwitz, showing how he viewed his experiences through a literary sco pe. Therefore, Survival in Auschwitz tells us more about the memory of the Holocaust based on Levi’s unique takes on the psychological significance of this historical event, none of which aid historians in rebuilding its historical narrative. Finally, the impact of Levi’s memoir on the collective memory of the Holocaust plays an immense role in Holocaust remembrance. As he brings up in the Chapter 5 dream sequence of Survival in Auschwitz, his sister and her friend are just two of the numerous listeners who have gathered to listen to the story he’s telling, this dream that is also his friend Alberto’s â€Å"and the dream of many others, perhaps of everyone† (Levi 60). This shows his intent to share his story to those beyond the sphere of other survivors, allowing him to tell his story first to strangers on the Milan-Turin express train, then to his sister, before finally reaching the general public (Thomson 144-45), successfully expanding the collective memory with his words alone. While his storytelling skills were applauded by his listeners, he did not encounter such warm reactions when he put his words to print. In his search for a publisher, he faced multiple rejections from both American a nd Italian publishing houses (Thomson 155-57), halting his hopes of reaching a wider international audience with his memoir. He was even rejected by a Jewish-Protestant publishing business as â€Å"the moment was not right† (Thomson 157). During his interview with Daniel Toaff on Italian State TV, Levi recalls speaking with a Polish lawyer who translated his answers for the passers-by around them. Levi’s answer regarding his identity was altered, so he was a newly-freed political prisoner instead of being an Italian Jew. When asked, the lawyer reasoned that â€Å" it [was] best for [him]; Poland is a sad country† (Back to Auschwitz). From this, it is clear that Levi’s prepublished story was capable of contributing to collective memory on a small scale, only reaching a global scale once it was officially published. However, even so, the memoir’s original title of If This Is a Man was changed to Survival in Auschwitz for the American release (Roth 181), so as to promote a new message of strength and survival rather than maintain its psychological implications. Subsequently, Levi became a â€Å"national monument† (Thomson 141) in Italy, a member in the public eye who received opportunities for both written (Roth; Thomson) and televised (Back to Auschwitz) interviews, valued for the experiences he had and shared. Hence, despite the challenges Levi faced and the compromises he had to go through in order to bring his story to the public eye, the great influence of Survival in Auschwitz is still highly evident and allowed more people worldwide to share in his memories of the Holocaust. In conclusion, Levi’s interpretation of the Holocaust implies a deeper meaning behind its events, one that’s more rooted in the recesses of the human mind. As Thompson points out, â€Å"no other work conveys the unique horror of the Nazy genocide more directly and profoundly, or interrogates our recent moral history so incisively† (Thompson 142). Rather than simply looking at his experiences in Auschwitz from a shallower, more literal point of view, Levi suggests studying it with a basis of psychology and morality, and to take it â€Å"as a sinister alarm-signal† (Levi 9). Thus, he would disagree with Wiesel’s statement that the Holocaust cannot be understood and to write about it is to â€Å"warn the reader that he will not understand either† (Wiesel 18), taking on the opposite viewpoint instead. Chapters 8 and 9 in Levi’s memoir, in which he discusses the Lager’s black market and the two main categories of men—the drown ed and the saved, are indicative of his â€Å"intense wish to understand† (Roth 180) and his view that the Holocaust was a social experiment conducted to determine â€Å"how much of our ordinary moral world could survive† (Levi 86) in the face of dehumanization and the struggle to stay alive. â€Å"Auschwitz was the catalyst that turned Levi into a writer† (Thomson 159), and it is because of this that Levi wrote a memoir as potent as Survival in Auschwitz and, while he could not provide all the answers to this question on the strength and longevity of human morality, it is through his memories that he invites us to form our own psychological judgement of this event and develop our own memory of the Holocaust as well.

Literature Review Expectancy Theory - 1132 Words

Running Head: Vroom’s Expectancy theory Literature Review: Vroom’s Expectancy theory Literature review: Pavel Smirnov Vroom’s Expectancy theory Word count: Advanced Writing Skills, GEN 2133 Date 07.04.2013 Contents Literature Review: 0 Literature review: 0 Pavel Smirnov 0 Vroom’s Expectancy theory 0 Advanced Writing Skills, GEN 2133 0 1 Literature review 2 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 Expectancy Theory 2 1.3 Conclusion 3 2 Reference List 5 Literature review Introduction The expectancy theory of motivation has become an increasingly popular model for predicting work performance and job preference. The empirical tests of this model have typically employed correlation analysis to†¦show more content†¦J., Levine, M. S., Sumner, K. E., Knight, M. B., Arendt, L. A., amp; Johnson, V. A. 2009). Reference List Behling, O., amp; Starke, F. A. (1973). The Postulates of Expectancy Theory. Academy Of Management Journal, 16(3), 373-388. Geiger, M. A., amp; Cooper, E. A. (1996). Using Expectancy Theory to Assess Student Motivation. Issues In Accounting Education, 11(1), 113-129. Hollenback, J. (1979). A Matrix Method for Expectancy Research. Academy Of Management Review, 4(4), 579-587. Oliver, R. L. (1974). Expectancy Theory Predictions of Salesmens Performance. Journal Of Marketing Research (JMR), 11(3), 243-253. Pousa, C., amp; Mathieu, A. (2010). Sales Managers Motivation to Coach Salespeople: an exploration using expectancy theory. International Journal Of Evidence Based Coaching amp; Mentoring, 8(1), 34-50. Radosevich, D. J., Levine, M. S., Sumner, K. E., Knight, M. B., Arendt, L. A., amp; Johnson, V. A. (2009). The role of expectancy theory in goal striving processes. Journal Of The Academy Of Business amp; Economics, 9(4), 186-192. Reinharth, L., amp; Wahba, M. A. (1975). Expectancy Theory as a Predictor of Work Motivation, Effort Expenditure, and Job Performance. Academy Of Management Journal, 18(3), 520-537. Renko, M., Kroeck, K. K., amp; Bullough, A. (2012). Expectancy theory and nascent entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 39(3), 667-684. Starke, F. A., amp; Behling, O. (1975). A Test of Two PostulatesShow MoreRelatedEmployee s Lack Of Job Satisfaction Essay1637 Words   |  7 Pagesturnovers. Theoretical or Conceptual Framework Vroom (1959) developed the expectancy-valence theory, which is further referred to the expectancy motivation theory (Vroom, 1964). The expectancy motivation theory implies that employees will demonstrate affirmative performance behaviors when they believe their work will result in specific incentives (Vroom, 1964). Building upon Vroom’s expectancy theory motivation foundation theory, Gilbert (1978, 2013) published his behavioral engineering representationRead MoreEssay about Critique of Two Journal Articles on Motivation 1414 Words   |  6 PagesMotivation Expectancy theory is one of the most widely used motivation theory. 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Supermaximum Security Prisons Essay - 1373 Words

The correctional system has tried to determine what the best method for dealing with criminals is, particularly criminals who are deemed to be the worst criminal type. There are two different models that have been suggested, the dispersion model and the consolidation model. To define it simply, the dispersion model scatters offenders with unusually dangerous histories or disruptive behavioral patterns throughout the correctional system, thus avoiding a concentration of such offenders in any one location (Hickey, 2010, p. 208). The consolidation model involves placing all highly dangerous inmates at one location and controlling them through reliance on heightened security procedures (Hickey, 2010, p. 209). Of course, each of†¦show more content†¦437). This case also uncovered information pertaining to guards covering up for each other and union officials using their power to stop official investigations (Pollock, 2010). Generally speaking, this type of conduct is not a ll that uncommon in corrections. However, in terms of supermax facilities it cannot be suddenly acceptable for brutality and lack of medical care to occur just because the criminals are considered the worst of the worst (Hickey, 2010). Another problem with Supermax prisons is the procedure for transfer. Allegations have been made suggesting that those types of prisons are being used for individuals that are not particularly dangerous and are more analogous to troublemakers. In addition, there are reports of mentally ill individuals being sent to supermax prisons because of the individual’s inability to control their own behavior. It has be determined that the conditions in the supermax prisons cause mentally ill individuals to become more ill due to isolation and lack of medical care (Pollock, 2010). As previously discussed, these types of prison conditions are associated with increased rate of mental illness. Should mentally ill inmates be sent to supermax prisons? Ev en individuals that agree with the use of supermaximum security prisons identify the mentally ill as a group that should not be sent to supermax prisons. The mentally ill are placed in the same category as inmates whoShow MoreRelatedTexas Tough : The Rise Of Americas Prison Empire1423 Words   |  6 PagesTexas Tough: The Rise of America’s Prison Empire In Robert Perkinson’s book, Texas Tough: The Rise of America’s Prison Empire, a remarkable amount of a decade’s worth of in-depth research is given regarding Texas and it’s astounding past regarding racism, prisons, and penitentiaries. Perkinson’s finding lead to how the only way to escape what could be the continuation of tragedy in this nation is to examine the history of this nation’s most severe prison state, Texas. It allRead MoreThe Effectiveness Of Supermax Prisons And Extreme Solitary Confinement2106 Words   |  9 PagesThe Effectiveness of Supermax Prisons and Extreme Solitary Confinement Kelsey R. Eborall Boise State University Abstract This paper discusses what supermax prisons are and the philosophy behind them. There are minimum, medium, and maximum-security prisons, so what was the reasoning behind forming a supermax security level? Supermax prisons are an extreme form of solitary confinement used to keep away the worst inmates. Many questions are raised on whether this is a humane form or incapacitationRead MorePrison Expansion: No Benefit to Society Essay2055 Words   |  9 Pagessafe as one would like to believe, that there are more than a few less than savory citizens in our midst. Expanding our nation’s prisons is not necessary to benefit society because prisoners cost society more than money, they do not reform prisoners, and they do not treat prisoners fairly. But prisons have not always been this way. Before the 1800’s, the idea of prisons was non-existent. When someone committed a crime and was tried in court, the judge had the power to declare the accused guilty

The influence of the Great Britain on our daily life free essay sample

The influence of the Great Britain on our day-to-day life The British life is influence on our day-to-day life, for illustration on athletics, leisure clip, nutrient and repasts, vacations and others things. Sport: The British athletics have affected on our athletics. English and Russian people like athletics. Footballhas taken the beginning in England. Football was played by the whole small town squads in the in-between ages in England. Now football is the most popular game non merely in Britain, but besides in our state. Table tennishas come to us from Britain excessively. Englishmen heard about table tennis in 1880. Then the International Table Tennis Association was formed and the international regulations were worked out. Lawn tennisis English game excessively. Wimbledon is the Centre of lawn tennis. Somerushing competitionswere thought in Britain, which came from them to us. For illustration motor-car racing, boat racing, Equus caballus racing and others. Leisure clip: Such avocation as fishinghas come to us from Britain. We will write a custom essay sample on The influence of the Great Britain on our daily life or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page About three million British people go sailing in little boats every twelvemonth. Gardeningis English diversion excessively. Britain is celebrated for its gardens and most people like gardening. This is likely one ground why so many people prefer to populate in houses instead than in flats. The most popular things to make outside the place as for them are traveling out for a thrust in the auto, for a walk and for a repast. Do-It-Yourselfis the widespread avocation among Russian people, but it has come from Britain. Food and repasts: For most of us as they, breakfastis o bowl of cereal followed by toast and marmalade with a cup of tea. Some people have cooked bacon and eggs. Dinnermay hold two or three classs. First soup, so a chief class with meat or fish and eventually a desert. Teais the British national drink and our excessively. They and we like tea strong and fresh-made. Hamburgers, sandwiches and hot nutrienthave come from them to us. Vacations: St. Valentine # 8217 ; s Dayis celebrated on February 14. Every St. Valentine # 8217 ; s Day 1000s of people travel to a little small town on Scotland # 8217 ; s boundary line with England to acquire married. The small town is called Gretna Green. Its romantic repute began in 1754. Christmas Dayis observed on the 25thof December. In Britain this twenty-four hours was a festival long before the transition to Christianity. Though faith in Britain has been fring land Christmas is still the most widely celebrated festival.

The Value of Previous Illinois Essay Topics

The Value of Previous Illinois Essay TopicsPrevious Illinois essay topics provide interesting and engaging material for essay writing. There are a number of essay writing software programs available that can help the student generate his essay ideas on the software. These programs are inexpensive and require no additional programming expertise to use.The selection of essay topics is important. It is also wise to ensure that the topic selected for essay writing is related to the specific degree that the student wishes to pursue. For example, if a student wants to study nursing, he or she needs to ensure that the essay topic is Nursing.A good essay should be able to compare and contrast various concepts, sources, and examples of the subject being written about. Research is the backbone of every good essay. Any student can turn to books, newspaper articles, magazines, journals, websites, and other printed materials in order to get relevant information to write an interesting essay.There are several academic resources that are open to the public and therefore can be used as essay topics. Teachers and lecturers are an excellent source of new ideas and examples of various subjects. Most online essay writing websites also have a teachers' forum where students can ask questions and receive answers from professional writers.Further, the internet has many websites where students can submit their topic ideas and subsequently have them reviewed by professional writers. Theses professional writers can use these ideas to generate topics for essay writing and assist the student in composing his or her essays. These professionals can also offer useful tips on how to make their topics more interesting to the reader.Once the essay writing process is complete, students can submit the assignment to the professor. The professor will review the assignment and the student's expertise in the area of study. The professor will then choose the topic and either accept or reject the assign ment. He or she will then send a grade and an essay can be read.No matter how challenging the subject is, there are plenty of academic essay topics that students can choose from. Many students decide to write about movies, nature, or their own home. These topics often come with essay outline tips that provide instructions on how to prepare and outline the entire piece.Students will learn various ways to improve their essays by using resources available on the internet. It is always wise to check the author's web site for writing tips and samples of essays he or she has previously published. This will help students improve their essays and earn better grades for the class.

How to Outline a Research Paper With a Software Program

How to Outline a Research Paper With a Software ProgramThe topic of how to outline a research paper is a highly controversial topic. Most teachers and professors are adamant that students have to write the whole paper by hand. The need for such a big document is so great that the instructor generally allows students to use his/her own 'writers' block'. However, there are many students who would rather get their paper done by a software program than to wait for hours to write the thesis.In the first place, how can you decide which one to use and which one to avoid? And in the second place, if the software outline program you choose is going to save you hours of reading (in both scientific and academic terms) and hours of writing, you'll be looking at a real problem. Therefore, you'll have to make your decision wisely.You will be able to decide if you are more likely to follow the software outline format or to outline by hand. It is really a matter of personal choice.So what is an outl ine? It is a method for starting to write a research paper or dissertation, but it does not constitute the actual content of the work. What it does is to provide structure to the writer, guide him/her to outline things that the student needs to do, give a general overview of the subject area, and provide a starting point for research and the subsequent steps.These two features of an outline are what you really want. You don't want to start on a blank page with a paragraph that goes into more detail than what is necessary. And you definitely don't want to write half a chapter to an outline that you have no idea how to get from there to here.What the software does is provide you with an outline format that includes an outline, chapter headings, subheadings, numbered subsections, bullet lists, keywords, and several preposition references. So when you start writing, all you have to do is follow the directions.That's not all the software program offers. It also offers such features as fl ash cards, examples, chapter summaries, spell check, checkmarks, spell check, spell-check, spell-check, etc. It can even generate a summary if you have more than one chapter in your document, which means it can generate an outline and chapter summary for you!